Pediatric pulmonologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, preventing, and treating breathing and lung problems in children. They help address a variety of conditions that impact a child’s daily life while also offering education for parents so that they can assist their children. Learn more about the many problems these experts handle.
Asthma
One of the most common conditions that pediatric pulmonologists treat is asthma. Around 4.9 million children in the country have this condition, making it a frequent cause of missed school days.
A child with asthma will have inflammation in their airways. This inflammation can make them more susceptible to triggers, like cold air or exercise, leading to further constriction of the airways. During an asthma attack, these passages swell and fill with mucus, making it difficult for your child to breathe and resulting in the telltale wheezing.
The severity of the condition may vary, and some children outgrow the problem. Others, however, may need lifelong care.
How a Pediatric Pulmonologist Can Help
A pediatric pulmonologist can first ensure that the diagnosis is correct. The specialist will ask all about your child’s symptoms and perform a lung function test. Tell them as much as you know about what triggers the attacks.
With all of this information, your child’s pediatric pulmonologist will decide on the most appropriate treatment. This can involve inhalers, steroids, antihistamines, and nebulization.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that causes the air sacs in your child’s lungs to swell. These sacs may fill up with pus or fluid, resulting in your child developing a wet cough. It can lead to signs such as:
- Fever
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Irritability
Pneumonia is a serious condition that can quickly get out of control if it’s not addressed rapidly. It can range from mild to life-threatening, and it impacts people of all ages. The most common cause is bacteria, but viruses and even fungi can lead to pneumonia.
How a Pediatric Pulmonologist Can Help
As soon as you notice that your child has a fever and is coughing, it’s time to visit their doctor. They’ll perform a physical exam and get information on your child’s symptoms. If they suspect pneumonia, they may order blood and imaging tests. Sputum tests, which involve getting a sample of the fluids in your child’s lungs, can also offer answers.
The first course of action is typically antibiotics. In instances when the pneumonia isn’t bacterial, cough suppressants and fever reducers can help. Supportive care is usually the only treatment available for viral pneumonia, but antivirals may be an option for very severe cases.
Bronchitis
Bronchitis is a condition that causes inflammation in the bronchial tubes. These are the airways that carry oxygen to and from the lungs. It’s typically caused by viruses, and it’s common in children. The most frequent signs of this condition include:
- Persistent cough
- Fever
- Chills
- Mucus production
- Body aches
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
The cough can last a couple of weeks. Any child can develop bronchitis, but some are more at risk than others. If your child has asthma or an autoimmune disorder, or if they’re exposed to secondhand smoke, then they can be more likely to experience these issues.
How a Pediatric Pulmonologist Can Help
Your child’s pulmonologist will assess their symptoms and perform a physical assessment. They’ll listen to your child’s lungs to see if there’s mucus. In some cases, they may perform blood tests to rule out other conditions.
Viral bronchitis doesn’t usually require medications beyond a fever reducer. In very severe cases, the pulmonologist may prescribe an antiviral or a bronchodilator. Antibiotics are not necessary or helpful for most types of bronchitis.
Croup
Croup is a respiratory illness caused by a virus that results in swelling and inflammation in the voice box and trachea. It causes hoarseness, a bark-like cough, and a whistling sound when breathing. Symptoms tend to get worse at night, and fever can be a concern.
Most of the time, croup is mild and can be addressed at home. However, if your child has other respiratory illnesses, such as asthma, getting assistance from a pediatric pulmonologist is important to avoid complications.
How a Pediatric Pulmonologist Can Help
The doctor will perform a physical examination. For mild croup, they will likely recommend over-the-counter fever reducers, but for moderate to severe croup, it may be necessary to admit the child into the hospital. This allows them to receive IV fluids, oxygen support, and steroids to reduce the swelling.
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that results in mucus building up in your child’s organs. It can impact their liver, pancreas, and lungs, resulting in digestive issues and respiratory problems. Because the condition can lead to scarring and cysts, it tends to get worse over time, but it can be managed.
How a Pediatric Pulmonologist Can Help
A pediatric pulmonologist can first diagnose the condition and its level of severity. There are sweat and sputum tests that they can perform. The next step is to find the most appropriate treatments, which can include airway clearance techniques and medications.
Because your child will struggle to absorb all of the nutrients they need, it will be necessary to offer a high-calorie diet and ensure that they’re staying hydrated. Your child’s doctor can assist in the daily management of the condition.
Trust Newport Children’s Medical Group
If your child develops a respiratory issue, whether as a result of exposure to bacteria or because of a congenital condition, relying on experienced pediatric pulmonologists can make a difference. At Newport Children’s Medical Group, our team of experts can offer clear guidance so that your child can start healing.
With a team of professionals by your side, you can manage even the most complex respiratory issues. Contact us to schedule an appointment with our care team.